General Note
Joseph Head Marshall (1770–1838) ist Arzt und arbeitet zusammen mit dem englischen Mediziner Edward Jenner (1749–1823) an der Etablierung der Pockenschutzimpfung. Er führt sie in Neapel ein, wo er als Leibarzt des Königs beider Sizilien, Ferdinand I ( 1751-1825) amtiert. 1815 wird er zum Baron d’Avray ernannt, weil er die französische Regierung vor der bevorstehenden Flucht Napoleon I. Bonapartes von Elba warnt. [Sources: Sämtliche Briefe an Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Kritische Ausgabe Bd. 5. August 1817-1820. hrsg. von Rebekka Horlacher ... Nr. 2147]
Marshall, who was among the first to learn the technique of vaccination from Jenner, describes how he introduced vaccination to British sailors and civilians in Mediterranean countries. ...Marshall vanished between 1803 and 1815. In 1815 he promoted the Bourbon restoration as a secret courier between Murat, Fouche, Napoleon, and the British. When Paris was surrounded he plotted to help Napoleon escape to England, but Napoleon suspected an assassination attempt and backed out. Later Marshall worked as a British secret agent. His second wife, Elizabeth Golding Elrington (1791 - 1847), with whom he had twelve children, was allegedly also a secret agent. Marshall was given the title Baron d'Avray although there was already a titled d'Avray family. [Sources: Archives and Special Collections Harriet Irving Library. Bailey Family Collection]
Provenienz: Wappen-Exlibris: "Joseph Head Marshall. Gloria Virtutis Umbra" ; J.H. Marshall
Yale University Library: Joseph Head Marshall was a medical doctor who was a master spy during the Napoleonic era, working for the English and the Bourbon kings of France.
More Information
Further Biographical Data1770-1838
Title of NobilityBaron (gnd)
ActivityArzt (gnd)
Geographic NoteGroßbritannien
GB (iso3166)
Names
HeadingMarshall, Joseph Head
used in: Integrated Authority File (GND), Germany
Variant NameD’Avray, Joseph Head Marshall Baron
Marshall, Joseph Head, Baron d’Avray